1、 The definition of tumor
Tumor: a neoplasm formed by the continuous abnormal proliferation of cells in local tissues of the body, which consists of parenchymal cells, blood vessels, supporting matrix and connective tissue.
Benign tumor: it is surrounded by fibrous capsule, only grows locally, does not destroy the host under normal condition, or only destroys the host due to the volume.
3. Malignant tumor: it can produce invasion and metastasis and has a great destructive effect on the host.
2、 The main factors influencing tumor occurrence
The occurrence of tumor is related to genetic factors, but it is mainly caused by environmental factors. In fact, cancer is caused by people's unhealthy lifestyle and long-term effects. Unhealthy lifestyle includes:
1 unreasonable diet
2 smoking
3. Psychological tension
4 lack of movement
3、 Early warning of tumor
（1） Eight warning signals of cancer proposed by the World Health Organization
① Accessible hardening or hardening
② Obvious changes of tumor or nevus
③ Persistent dyspepsia
④ Persistent hoarseness, dry cough or dysphagia
⑤ Bleeding beyond menstrual period
⑥ Unexplained bleeding of nose, ear, bladder or intestine
⑦ Permanent wounds and swelling
⑧ Unexplained weight loss
（2） Seven warning signals from the American Cancer Society
① Changes in defecation or urination habits
② Obvious changes of tumor or nevus
③ Dyspepsia or dysphagia
④ Hoarseness or persistent cough
⑤ An uncured ulcer
⑥ Lumps or local thickening of breast or other parts
⑦ Unusual bleeding or secretion
4、 Anti tumor functional food
1 energy
Limiting energy intake can reduce the incidence of spontaneous tumor, prolong the latent period of tumor, and inhibit the development of transplanted tumor.
2 fat
High fat is related to the high incidence of colorectal cancer and breast cancer. In countries and regions with high fat intake, such as Western Europe, North America and Oceania, the incidence of two types of cancer is high.
3 protein
The diet with low protein content can promote the occurrence of human and animal tumors. If the protein content is increased or some amino acids are supplemented, the occurrence of tumors can be inhibited.
4 carbohydrates
Animal experiments show that high carbohydrate or high blood sugar concentration can inhibit the carcinogenic effect of chemical carcinogens on animals. But for human, high sugar diet is easy to induce gastric cancer. In addition, dietary fiber is closely related to colorectal cancer. If dietary fiber content is low, the incidence of colorectal cancer will be high.
5 vitamins
(1) the inhibitory effect of vitamin A on tumor is mainly to prevent epithelial cancer.
(2) vitamin C can enhance the body's resistance to tumor.
(3) under the condition of vitamin B2 deficiency, the carcinogenicity of chemical carcinogens to animals is enhanced.
6 trace elements
(1) selenium can limit the effect of various chemical carcinogens on animal liver cancer, skin cancer and lymphosarcoma.
(2) goiter caused by iodine deficiency is easy to transform into thyroid tumor.
(3) iron deficiency is often related to esophageal and gastric tumors.
The molybdenum content in soil is negatively correlated with the incidence rate of esophageal cancer in the local area.
7 antioxidant / free radical scavenger
Common antioxidants include: 1. β - carotene, 2. Lutein, 3. Lycopene, 4. Selenium, 5. Vitamin A, 6. Vitamin C, 7. Vitamin E, 8. Melatonin, 9. Glutathione, 10. Uric acid
Free radicals in vivo destroy the normal resistance and defense ability in vivo, and are easy to induce tumor.
8 active ingredients of vegetables and fruits
The anticancer effect of vegetables and fruits is mainly due to the presence of antioxidant nutrients and dietary fiber. In addition, a variety of active substances are likely to play an important role.
