The effect of love pregnancy Workshop on the growth and development of fetus during pregnancy

 

Fan Ling

(Beijing Maternity Hospital Beijing 100010)

 

Abstract: pregnant women need more nutrition in pregnancy than in non pregnancy. During pregnancy, unreasonable nutrition management will affect the growth and development of fetus, and even lead to anemia, hypertension and other chronic diseases during pregnancy. The nutrition package of love pregnancy workshop can provide pregnant mothers and fetuses with scientific and professional diet and nutrition ratio, meet the physiological and intellectual needs of mothers and fetuses, and achieve the purpose of excellent birth and good birth.

Key words: pregnancy; Fetus; growth and development; nutrition management; love pregnancy workshop

1. Pregnancy and its physiological characteristics

1.1 gestation period

      Pregnancy refers to the physiological period from conception to delivery, also known as pregnancy. Pregnancy is usually calculated from the first day of the last menstruation, and full-term pregnancy is about 280 days (40 weeks). The whole process of pregnancy is divided into three periods: the first trimester before the 13th week, the second trimester between the 14th and 27th weeks, and the third trimester after the 28th week.

1.2 physiological characteristics during pregnancy

1.2.1 main symptoms and signs in early pregnancy

      About half of the women suffered from chills, dizziness, fatigue, drowsiness, salivation, anorexia, acidophilia or disgust with greasiness, nausea, morning sickness and other symptoms about 6 weeks after menopause, which is called early pregnancy reaction. Generally, it disappears at about 12 weeks of pregnancy. From the 8th week of pregnancy, the breast gradually increased. The pregnant women were aware of slight breast pain and pain. The examination showed that the color of nipple and areola was deepened, and there was Monteggia nodule around areola.

1.2.2 characteristics of fetal growth and development in early pregnancy

      At 4-5 weeks of gestation, the fertilized eggs complete their implantation and enter the embryonic stage, with the appearance of primitive cardiovascular system; at 6-7 weeks of gestation, the differentiation of fetal head, organs, respiration, digestion and other organs can be seen, and the growth of the fetus has begun to take shape and limbs are separated; at 8-9 weeks of gestation, the fetal shape and fetal movement can be clearly seen, and the placenta begins to develop; at 10-12 weeks of gestation, the formation of fetal organs is complicated The organs are also becoming more and more perfect.

 

1.2.3 main symptoms and signs in middle and late pregnancy

      After the second trimester of pregnancy, the uterus is obviously enlarged, the fetal body can be palpated, the fetal movement can be felt, and the fetal heart sound can be heard. Pregnant women began to consciously move around 20 weeks of pregnancy. The more gestational weeks, the more active the fetal movement, but the fetal movement slightly decreased in the end of pregnancy. The average fetal movement was more than 3 times per hour. After 20 weeks of pregnancy, the fetal body can be touched through the abdominal wall.

1.2.4 growth and development characteristics of fetus in middle and late pregnancy

      From the 16th to the 24th week of the second trimester, the fetal hair grows on the face, the bones and muscles are developed, the motor and sensory nerves begin to develop, and the whole body begins to grow fine hair; from the 24th to the 28th week of the second trimester, the fetal hair, eyebrows, eyelashes, etc. grow, the cerebral cortex is developed, and the body is controlled to do actions, while the fingernails are also slowly formed; after the 28th week of the second trimester, the fetal hair is reduced, and the heart is in full swing The viscera and auditory organs have developed completely, and begin to form subcutaneous fat deposition. The visceral organs are mature.

2. Nutritional needs at all stages of pregnancy

2.1 early pregnancy (before 12 weeks)

       The embryo is still in the forming stage, the cell division is rapid, and the pregnancy reaction is serious in the early stage of pregnancy. At this time, we need to supplement more easily digestible food and vitamin B group. VB1 can effectively promote the metabolism of sugar, fat and water. VB1 deficiency is easy to cause stillbirth, premature delivery and fetal dysplasia. VB1 also has the function of promoting sleep and anti fatigue. If it is absent, it will lead to the slow gastrointestinal peristalsis, dyspepsia and sleep difficulty of pregnant women. Vitamin B2 helps iron absorption, participates in energy metabolism, and protects skin and vision. The lack of VB2 in the early stage of pregnancy will affect the development of fetal nervous system and cause nervous system deformity. If we want to lack VB2 at the end of pregnancy, it can cause angular stomatitis, glossitis and cheilitis, which will increase the number of premature, immature and stillborn children. More VA should be taken in early pregnancy. The lack of VA will directly lead to bone marrow hypoplasia or limited development. At the same time, the lack of trace element iron will also lead to low hemoglobin anemia, reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of pregnant women, and cause the fetus to be in an anoxic environment, which restricts its growth. The zinc deficiency of pregnant women will make their immunity decline slightly, and the severe one may affect the normal development of the fetus and lead to deformity. Early supplement of VE is also important. Lack of VE will lead to premature delivery, abortion or fetal malformation. Folate is involved in hematopoiesis, which can enhance immune function, help the development of fetus and placenta in early pregnancy. Lack of folate will lead to the occurrence of neural tube malformations such as abortion and spina bifida.

2.2 second trimester (13-27 weeks)