（3） Perilla oil
1 main components
Light yellow oil, slightly green vegetable. Iodine value 175-194. It contains 51% - 63% α - linolenic acid and belongs to n-3 series. It mainly exists in fish oil (Animal Kingdom) and perilla oil and perilla oil in plant kingdom. It also contains 50-60mg / 100g natural vitamin E.
2. Physiological function
Regulating blood lipid: it can significantly reduce the high serum triglyceride, inhibit the synthesis of endogenous cholesterol by inhibiting the activity of HMC-CoA reductase in the liver, so as to reduce cholesterol, and increase the effective high-density lipoprotein.
It can inhibit platelet aggregation energy and serotonin free energy, thus inhibiting the occurrence of thrombotic diseases (myocardial infarction and cerebral embolism).
Compared with other vegetable oils, it can reduce the threshold blood pressure (about 10%).
（4） Seabuckthorn (seed) oil
1 main components
Linoleic acid, γ - linolenic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, phytosterol, phospholipid, flavonoids, etc. Basic composition: palmitic acid 10.1%, stearic acid 1.7%, oleic acid 21.1%, linoleic acid 40.3%, γ - linolenic acid 25.8%.
The oil content of seabuckthorn seeds is 5% - 9%, and the unsaturated fatty acids account for about 90%.
2. Physiological function
Regulating the function of blood lipid: it can obviously reduce the total cholesterol in the serum of the exogenous high fat rats, and decrease 68.63% after 4 weeks. The serum HDC and liver lipid were increased (P < 0.005).
Regulating immune function: can significantly improve the giant mice
（5） Grape seed oil
1 main components
It contains 6.8% palmitic acid, 0.77% arachidic acid, 15% oleic acid, 76% linoleic acid, 92% total unsaturated fatty acid, 360mg / kg vitamin E and 42.55mg/kg β - carotene. It can be used as a substitute of sweet almond oil in Brazil and is a good edible oil.
2. Physiological function
It can prevent the deposition of liver fat and heart fat, inhibit the formation of aortic plaque, clear away the deposited serum cholesterol, reduce LDL cholesterol, and increase HDL cholesterol at the same time. It can prevent coronary heart disease, prolong coagulation time, reduce blood reducing viscosity and platelet aggregation rate, prevent thrombosis, expand blood vessels, and promote the synthesis of human prostaglandins. In addition, it can nourish brain cells and regulate autonomic nerves.
（6） Deep sea fish oil
1 main components
It refers to the oil of some deep sea large fish (such as salmon and salmon) and some sea animals (such as seals and seals) that live in the sea area below 100m all the year round. The main functional components are polyunsaturated fatty acids such as EPA and DHA.
2. Physiological function
Regulate blood lipid and improve immune regulation ability.
（7） Corn (Germ) oil
1 main components
It is mainly composed of various fatty acid esters. It contains about 86% unsaturated fatty acid, 38% - 65% linoleic acid, 1.2% - 1.5% linolenic acid, 25% - 30% oleic acid, no cholesterol, and rich in vitamin E (about 0.08% after deodorization).
2. Physiological function
Regulating blood lipid: a large number of unsaturated fatty acids can promote the excretion of steroids and cholic acids in feces, thus preventing the synthesis and absorption of cholesterol in the body, so as to avoid atherosclerosis caused by cholesterol deposition on the inner wall of arteries. Once fed 60g / D, serum cholesterol decreased by 16%, while soybean oil and sesame oil decreased by 1%, lard increased by 18%.
Rich in vitamin E, it can inhibit the lipid peroxidation caused by excess free radicals in the body, so as to soften the blood vessels. In addition, it has certain effect on human cell division and anti-aging.
（8） Oat bran and oat - β - glucan
1 main components
Avena sativa bran contains β - (1-4) and β - (1-3) glucoside linked β - glucan, which is a unique water-soluble dietary fiber in Avena sativa bran and has a significant effect on lowering serum cholesterol. The β - glucan is one of the important components of oat endosperm cell wall, and it is a long-chain non starch viscous polysaccharide.
2. Physiological function
Lowering serum cholesterol
It can reduce the level of poor blood lipids (TC, TG, LDL-C) and lipid peroxide, and improve the level of high-quality blood lipids (HDL-C).
（9） Soybean protein
1 main components
More than 90% of them are soybean globulin, including 11 s globulin (about 350000 seed weight) and 7 s globulin (about 170000 relative molecular weight). It contains all kinds of essential amino acids.
Because there are soy isoflavones in soy protein, such as soy protein isolate with high protein purity, each 40g contains about 76mg of soy isoflavones.
2. Physiological function
Regulate blood lipid: reduce cholesterol and triglycerides. Soybean protein can be combined with intestinal cholesterol, thus hindering the reabsorption of sterols and promoting the excretion of intestinal cholesterol.
（10） Ginkgo biloba extract
1 main components
The main components are ginkgo flavonoids, ginkgolide, Ginkgo biloba lactone and ginkgolic acid with other harmful substances.
2. Physiological function
Hypolipidemia: by softening blood vessels, eliminating blood fat, reducing serum cholesterol.
Improve blood circulation: it can increase cerebral blood flow and improve microcirculation, mainly because the ginkgolide contained in it has the effect of anti platelet activating factor PAF, can reduce blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation, so as to improve blood rheology.
Eliminating free radicals to protect nerve cells: it can eliminate hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion and nitric oxide, inhibit lipid peroxidation, and its effect is more lasting than vitamin ve.
（11） Hawthorn
1 main components
Hawthorn flavonoids, including Hyperoside, quercetin, Vitexin, rutin, epicatechin, etc.; and chlorogenic acid, ursolic acid, etc.
2. Physiological function
Regulation of blood lipid:
Regulation of blood pressure:
Immunoregulation:
3 food safety evaluation
The food toxicological data of quercetin are as follows:
There was no significant toxicity in low dose intravenous injection;
The body weight of mice was 160mg. / kg by oral LD50 and 100mg / kg by subcutaneous injection. Low dose is not toxic to rats.
No teratogenic effect; high quality mutation activity to Salmonella.
（12） Gypenoside
1 main components
There are more than 80 species of Gypenosides, some of which are ginsenoside Rb1, RB3, RD, and Panaxadiol, 2 α - hydroxy Panaxadiol, 2 α, 19 dihydroxy-12-deoxy-panaxadiol, etc.
2. Physiological function
Regulation of blood lipid: 42 hyperlipidemia patients were treated with 3.6% Gynostemma pentaphyllum water extract for one month. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly reduced, while HDL cholesterol was increased.
Immunomodulatory effect: it can increase the weight of spleen and adrenal gland, improve the phagocytic capacity of peritoneal macrophages, and increase the granulocytopenia caused by cyclophosphamide. It can increase the volume of alveolar macrophages and the capacity of phagocytosis and digestion. The number of T-lymphocytes in rats fed for 90 days increased significantly.
